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Metta Spencer (born 29 August 1931) is a Canadian sociologist, writer, peace researcher, and activist.〔“On the Way to the Forum,” in Kathryn P. Meadow Orlans and Ruth A. Wallace, Gender and the Academic Experience (Lincoln, University of Nebraska Press, 1994) pp. 157-172.〕〔World Who’s Who: http://www.worldwhoswho.com/views/browse.html?goto=Spencer%2C+Metta&goto_button.x=0&goto_button.y=0 〕 She serves on the steering committee of the International Peace Bureau, an organization that won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1910.〔IPB Leadership: http://www.ipb.org/i/about-ipb/II-D-leadership.html〕〔Official website of the Nobel Prize: http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1910/peace-bureau-history.html〕 After completing a Ph.D. in Sociology in 1969 at the University of California, Berkeley, Spencer joined the Department of Sociology at the University of Toronto’s Erindale College in 1971.〔〔UofT's Department of Sociology: http://www.utm.utoronto.ca/index.php?id=10492〕 She taught regularly in the university’s Peace and Conflict Studies Program, which she founded in 1989 and coordinated until her retirement in 1997.〔 In 1976 Spencer authored the ''Foundations of Modern Sociology'' textbook, which was subsequently published in four American and seven Canadian editions.〔Canadian Who’s Who, 2002 Vol. XXXVII, Elizabeth Lumley, Ed. (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2002) p. 1258.〕 Spencer has specialized in peace and war studies, and has been active in the Canadian peace movement.〔Who’s Who in Toronto: A Celebration of This City (Toronto, CMCH, 1984) p. 379.〕〔Making a World of Difference: A Directory of Women in Canada Specializing in Global Issues, Dorothy Goldin Rosenberg, Ed. (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1990) p. 246.〕 As the founding president and director of the Canadian Disarmament Information Service (CANDIS), she published the monthly ''Peace Calendar'' from 1983 to 1985, when the publication changed to magazine format and took the name ''Peace Magazine''.〔〔 In 2009, Spencer organized the (Zero Nuclear Weapons ) public forum in Toronto, jointly sponsored by four major Canadian peace organizations with which she has been involved since the mid-80s: Physicians for Global Survival, (Canadian Voice of Women for Peace ), the Nobel Peace Prize laureate organization Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs, and Science for Peace.〔Canadian Pugwash: http://www.pugwashgroup.ca/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=162&Itemid=94〕〔 She has also extensively researched peace and conflict in the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe.〔University of California Berkeley, Department of Sociology, Directory of Ph.D. alumni: http://sociology.berkeley.edu/alumni2/viewbio_querylist.php?ID=257 〕 In 1997, she organized “The Lessons of Yugoslavia,” a three-day Science for Peace conference at the University of Toronto.〔Science for Peace archive: http://www.scienceforpeace.ca/the-lessons-of-yugoslavia-9701〕 In 2011, she published (''The Russian Quest for Peace and Democracy'' ), the culmination of 28 years of research and hundreds of interviews with Russian politicians and activists.〔''Gorbachev at 80: reformer of Soviet Russia: Q&A with peace activist and Russia specialist Metta Spencer'' ((interview with CBC) )〕 She argues that Western peace activists' influence on Russians including Gorbachev helped end the Cold War more so than pressure from the US or NATO.〔 More recently, Spencer has become involved in climate change activism (by chairing since 2007 a Science for Peace committee to study and campaign for carbon taxation policy) and has researched edutainment, or social change through storytelling.〔Science for Peace archive, Spencer-organized conference: http://www.scienceforpeace.ca/climate-change-and-the-coming-energy-crisis〕〔Science for Peace archive: http://www.scienceforpeace.ca/the-science-for-peace-carbon-tax-committee〕〔Paradigm Publishers: http://www.paradigmpublishers.com/Books/BookDetail.aspx?productID=128211〕 In her book (''Two Aspirins and a Comedy: How Television Can Enhance Health and Society'' ) (2006), she argues that television could be a force for health and social change.〔 Basketball player Metta World Peace, formerly known as Ron Artest, based his adopted name on her first name and the goal of her work. == Awards == * Confederation Medal awarded by Governor-General for Service to Canada, 1992〔 * Global Citizen Award, United Nations, 1995 * United Nations Association in Canada Award, 1999 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Metta Spencer」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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